“Gaining on the index while losing on one’s own portfolio” is one of the most characteristic predicaments afflicting retail investors during bull markets. This essay examines the causes and countermeasures through four dimensions: the phased structure of bull markets, sector rotation rhythm, psychological biases in holding behavior, and technical criteria for sell timing. The central argument is that losses during a bull market originate not from directional misjudgment, but from ignorance of the bull market’s internal rhythm and indulgence of one’s own psychological weaknesses.
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